Menstrual disorders are problems that affect a woman's normal menstrual cycle. They include painful cramps during menstruation, abnormally heavy bleeding, or not having any bleeding. Menstruation occurs during the years between puberty and menopause. Menstruation, also called "menses" or a "period," is the monthly flow of blood from the uterus through the cervix and out through the vagina. The uterus is a hollow muscular organ located in the female pelvis between the bladder and rectum. The ovaries produce eggs that travel through the fallopian tubes. Once the egg has left the ovary it can be fertilized and implanted itself in the lining of the uterus. The main function of the uterus is to nourish the developing fetus prior to birth. The menstrual cycle is regulated by the complex surge and fluctuations in many different reproductive hormones. These hormones work together to prepare a women's body for pregnancy. The hypothalamus (an area in the brain) and the pituitary gland control six important hormones: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is released by the hypothalamus, GnRH stimulates the pituitary gland to produce follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), Estrogen, progesterone, and the male hormone testosterone are secreted by the ovaries at the command of FSH and LH.
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