The cyclical shedding of the endometrium with an average period of 28 days is called a menstrual cycle. It is a regular and natural hormonal process that occurs in the female reproductive system that makes pregnancy possible. In most women, the cycle lies between 24 to 32 days. Every month ovulation takes place, a process of releasing eggs from the ovaries. At the time of ovulation, the hormonal changes develop the uterus ready for pregnancy. If the released egg is not fertilized, the lining of the uterus (endometrium) is shed through the vagina during menstruation. This is commonly referred to as menses. Young girls often experience their first period between 8 and 15 years, this is called menarche.the average age of menarche in India is 13.75 years. The average menstrual cycle in women lasts every 28 days. Typically periods last for 3 to 7 days, and the amount of blood loss varies. Usually, the bleeding is heavier on the 1 st and 2nd day. It gradually reduces over the next 3 days. Most the women get through their monthly periods easily with few or without any concerns. However, any abnormal condition in a woman’s menstrual cycle like disorders of ovulation, disorders of cycle length, disorders of flow, too heavy or too light menstruation, the complete absence of the cycle etc., lead to menstrual disorders.
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