Thyroid Disorders are conditions that affect the thyroid gland, the butterfly-shaped gland at the front of the neck. The thyroid gland plays an important role in regulating many metabolic processes in the body. Different types of thyroid disease affect both the structure and function of the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland is located below Adam's apple, wrapped around the trachea (trachea). A thin piece of tissue in the center of the gland, called the isthmus, connects the two lobes of the thyroid gland on either side. The thyroid gland uses iodine to produce vital hormones. Thyroxine, also known as T4, is the main hormone produced by the gland. After being delivered by the blood to the tissues of the body, a small part of the T4 released by the gland is converted into triiodothyronine (T3), which is the most active hormone. Thyroid function is regulated by a feedback mechanism involving the brain. When thyroid hormone levels are low, the hypothalamus in the brain releases a hormone known as thyroid-stimulating hormone (TRH), which causes the gland to secrete thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). pituitary (located at the base of the brain). TSH stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete more T4.
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